Oryza sativa L. varieties grown in Sri Lanka from ancient times to the middle of the last century are known as traditional rice varieties and a collection of over 2000 traditional rice accessions conserved at Gene Bank, Plant Genetics Resource Center (PGRC), Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Farmers preferred traditional rice varieties for their adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses and are an important component of the biodiversity of Sri Lanka. A detailed understanding of the genetic structure and diversity of traditional rice varieties is essential for the effective utilization of rice genetic resources and identification of potential parents possessing valuable genetic traits for future crop improvement in rice breeding programmes. The objective of the present study was phenotypic and molecular characterization of one hundred (100) traditional rice accession/varieties collected from PGRC, Sri Lanka and identification of a broad diversity panel for these traditional rice accessions/varieties. Rice varieties were grown in a plant house following Randomized Complete Block design with 4 replicates and 5 plants per each replicate. Thirty-two (32) agro-morphological characters were observed. Green leaves of rice varieties were individually collected from 20 day-old seedlings for gDNA extraction using Plant genomic DNA kit followed by the CTAB protocol. Thirty-three microsatellite (Simple Sequence Repeat – SSR) primer pairs were used to assay genetic variation. DNA amplification was carried out using a thermal cycler and PCR products were subjected to fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Descriptive statistics and basic inferential statistical analyses were performed to access the variation of agro-morphological characters among rice varieties. Data were subjected to cluster analysis (CA) to examine the grouping tendencies and supplemented with Multidimensional scaling (MDS) to explore the procedural differences in the outcome. CA and MDS produced seven (07) groups which were further analyzed using Classification and Regression Analysis (CART) to extract the diagnostic agro-morphological features. Based on CART result, groups of rice varieties were characterized by lemma–palea color, presence or absence of awn, seedling height, and flag-leaf angle. Traditional rice accessions/varieties represent distant clusters on agro-morphological features. Molecular analyses revealed, all 33 loci displayed polymorphism (66.7-96.9 %) among 100 traditional rice accessions/varieties with a total of 387 alleles identified with an average of 11.72 alleles per accession. AMOVA results showed that 34% of the variation distributed among accessions/varieties, 59% of among individuals and 7% within individual indicating a comparatively high level of genetic differentiation among individuals of selected rice accessions/varieties. Structure analysis results illustrated that all 100 accessions/varieties were genetically structured into fifteen well-separated groups, high ?K peak was recorded at K=15, K= 5, K= 19 and K= 2 respectively. UPGMA analysis based on Jaccards similarity separated the accessions into five (5) major clusters. A cophenetic correlation with r=0.786 strongly supported the clustering pattern of UPGMA dendrogram. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) also confirmed the UPGMA clusters. The genetic diversity information obtained will be useful in efficient use of Sri Lankan rice germplasm collection in breeding programmes. This information will also be useful in management of in situ and ex situ germplasm collections in conservation programs for traditional rice varieties.

Continuing education to college is everyones dream. Although not all have the same opinion about it, but continuing education to the highest level is the dream of almost everyone. Several studies have examined this, as well as this research. This research tries to reveal the influence of learning motivation, socioeconomic conditions on college interest, (3) simultaneously between learning motivation and socioeconomic conditions on college interest. Vocational high School of Accounting grade XII students are used as the population. Proportional random sampling as a sampling technique by setting as many samples 58 student. Data collection techniques used are the questionnaire and documentation multiple linear regression analysis as data analysis. The results of data processing showed (1) there was a significant influence of learning motivation on interest in Vocational high School with a value of sig 0,000 <0.05, (2) economic conditions had no effect on interest in college indicated sig value of 0.403 > 0.05, and the learning motivation and conditions socioeconomic simultaneously has a significant effect on interest in higher education with a value of sig 0,000 <0.05

Continuing education to college is everyones dream. Although not all have the same opinion about it, but cThe deficiency of policy and planning guideline regulation administering the neighbouring cities process has resulted in crucial urbanisation issues in the planning and development. This study analysed the neighbouring citys perception of the investigation of the neighbouring cities by examining plannings local authority, planning developer, and planning consultants knowledge about neighbouring cities. In 50 questionnaire survey distributed to local authority department, planning developer, and consultant agencies in selected neighbouring cities in Malaysia, Cronbachs alpha and reliability analysis were applied for the method in this paper. The result shows that 80% of the respondent know what neighbouring cities are and can explain the planning process of neighbouring cities. These results have recommended strategies to introduce the proper policy and guidelines for the neighbouring cities.

The study investigates growth indices of food firms listed on the Hanoi stock exchange (HNX), which is one of the basic characteristics of firm performance. The study employs a set of aggregated data from 15 food firms listed on the HNX. At the same time, the study also receives comments from experts experienced in the research field. We have performed some descriptive analysis, compared with support by software Stata13 to evaluate and measure growth indices of food firms listed on the HNX. The results show that there is a difference in growth indices of food firms listed on the HNX. For each enterprise, there is little change in charter capital in the period 2015-2019. Firms with 10% or more foreign ownership account for a relatively low proportion of these enterprises.

This summary review examines the inspection process in relation to fundamental research paradigms and factors influencing those paradigms. The objective is to offer a brief insight into the inspection process through the prisms of science, philosophy, and psychology but not to advocate for a specific approach. The reader is encouraged to consider factors related to the interchanges of an observer, the phenomena that are observed, and the combination of the observer and the observed. Arming the observer with broader knowledge can bolster approaches to inspection. At a minimum, the discussion will encourage introspection. The term ‘observer’ is used contextually in this paper both as the act of receiving information from the external world and as a practitioner assessing phenomena. An awareness of the different avenues of inquiry and factors influencing inquiry may assist with conceptual and practical approaches to observation and inspection. Gathering information through observation has obvious similarities with data collection in formal research. The act of observation shapes our interpretations of reality and how information is processed into knowledge. Practical field-level inspections lack formal research structure; however, envisioning inspections from a theoretical perspective allows appreciation for both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A combination of qualitative and quantitative paradigms is termed mixed-methods or mixed methodology. This conceptual quantitative-qualitative amalgam includes reconciling their philosophical roots with positivism, interpretivism, and constructivism. Comparisons between research methods and field-level inspection are explored through information research and summary review. The constructs of the observer effect, solipsism, social capital, and locus of control inform the discussion.

This paper proposes an effective educational training tool used to help students passing the professional competence certification examinations held by TEMI (Taiwan Embedded Micro controller Development Institute) association. In order to help students passing the certificate qualification examinations, the developed educational training tool allows users to simulate both discipline and technical subjects of three types of micro controller application professional competence certification examinations, including micro controller, digital logical circuitry design, and welding circuitry certificates. The proposed simulation platform can allow students to learn wireless remote-control robots, tracking self-propelled vehicles, digital circuit design, and electronic component de-soldering/soldering related technology, respectively. In this paper, the developed practical educational training tool utilizes Visual Basic and C programming languages as the development tools for developing three types of main control circuit board ability certifications and the discipline ability certification training simulation platform. In addition, the designed teaching tool aims at guiding students on their hands-on experience to inspire students interest in micro controller related application technology and enhance students learning effects. The proposed simulation tool has been used as the learning exploration with the students at Kao Yuan University in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. According to the experimental results, this paper can provide three contributions. First, it can increase the passing rates of obtaining three types of micro controller application professional competence certification examinations. Second, it can assist teachers in understanding students learning performance, thereby proposing related effective and efficient teaching strategies. Third, it can increase students professional skills and employment competitiveness, thereby cultivating more professional and technical talents to meet the needs of the micro controller application industry.

This article is devoted to monitoring the continuing education system. In it, monitoring is consideredas a tool, a means of ensuring the effectiveness of the process of continuing education of teaching staff, conceptual aspects of developing monitoring of the effectiveness of the process of continuing education of teaching staff, the characteristic features of evaluating the effectiveness of the process of improving the qualifications of teaching staff.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of “management” and the modern management organization of a preschool educational organization. The authors report that for an effective and rational leadership of a modern preschool educational institution, the leader must master the basics of management, modern effective partnership strategies, teamwork technologies based on a positive constructive approach and leadership functions

This article is devoted to monitoring the continuing education system. In it, monitoring is consideredas a tool, a means of ensuring the effectiveness of the process of continuing education of teaching staff, conceptual aspects of developing monitoring of the effectiveness of the process of continuing education of teaching staff, the characteristic features of evaluating the effectiveness of the process of improving the qualifications of teaching staff.

This paper examined the accounting practices of SMEs drawing on a survey of 100 SMEs in Palestine. The results revealed that majority of SMEs failed to keep proper accounting records pertaining to their businesses. Consequently, it was difficult for the owner-managers to determine the profit earned or loss suffered in the business during a particular accounting .The major reasons for the entities failure to maintain proper accounting records and prepare a complete set of financial statements included inability to prepare financial reports as a result of poor records keeping, Lack of skills, inability to prepare financial Reports, Distrustful attitude of owner /manager, Cost of hiring qualified employees, finally fear to disclose all information to government. It is recommended that training programs must be organized to sensitize owners/managers on the need to maintain proper books of accounts. The government should also come out with the necessary legal instruments to make the preparation of proper books of accounts mandatory in order to improve SMEs practice of accounting in Palestine.

The article considers the problem of the development of artistic perception in children of the fifth year of life. The paper substantiates the possibility and necessity of developing artistic perception in preschool age, the features of using works of fine art in the development of artistic perception of preschool children, the willingness of a teacher to develop artistic perception of pupils, as well as the relationship of directly educational activities with the independent creativity of children.

This article analyzes the role and place of religion in Uzbek-Turkish relations. In both countries, the Sunni sect of Islam is predominant. In Uzbekistan, religion is separated from the state, and religious activity is fully controlled by the state. The ruling party in Turkey makes extensive use of Islamic elements in governing. Moiseyev rise to power in Uzbekistan marked the beginning of religious cooperation. In Uzbekistan, where religious control has been strong for many years, various forms of religious education, such as Islamic finance and foundation work, have been inactive. Today, after Saudi Arabia and Iran, Turkey claims to be a leader in the Islamic world. The extent to which Turkeys experience in religion and state relations is relevant to Uzbekistan is important.

This article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the problem of energy security, which is becoming a topical geopolitical issue today. In particular, the interpretations of the concept of energy security, its transformation into a geopolitical factor and the structural elements of energy security are highlighted. The focus is on modern approaches and trends in energy security, as well as theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of regional aspects of energy security. At the same time, efforts will be made to reveal the scale of threats to energy security and the destructive factors that make energy security relevant, their impact on interstate relations and political destabilization. The article summarizes the authors definition of the concept of energy security.

The accountants in the accounting service firms in Hanoi all have a high level of education, an understanding of high socio-economic knowledge and a certain level of training can definitely involve in supply chain management (SCM) in the accounting service firms. This research was conducted to measure the SCM in the accounting service firms in Hanoi. Data were collected through a survey with 135 accountants and businesses employee from accounting service firms in Hanoi. With this data, we have used descriptive statistics, Cronbachs Alpha analysis to identify and measure sixteen (16) attributes of SCM in the accounting service firms in Hanoi. The results showed that SCM is highly appreciated by respondents. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given to improve SCM in the accounting service firms in Hanoi.

The Epistemologies of the South awaken our reflection to knowledge and practices of the traditional African culture which have been silenced in the historical unfolding. Such is the case of Ubuntu. In this philosophy of life, we have an existence which is only an existence because there are other existences. In this culture, which has an almost endless capacity for seeking consensus and reconciliation, a shift has taken place from an excluding notion of identity “I am because you are not” to an inclusive notion “I am because we are, and because we are then I am”. In this sense, we formulate as starting question to know how the concerns contained in the Ubuntu philosophy find expression in the oral heritage of Umbundu, given that they belong to the same linguistic matrix of Bantu. As core goal of this study we highlight: to interpret how Umbundu has integrated, preserved and disseminated the principles of the Ubuntu philosophy of life. We selected as sources of this research elements of the oral heritage (folk songs, folk poetry, proverbs, lullabies, chants). The methodology used focuses on the analysis of the structuring principles of the Ubuntu philosophy: 1) to live at peace with oneself (relation with self); 2) to live at peace with the other (relation with the others); and 3) to live in harmony with nature and the cosmos (relation with the universe). The findings of our research have led us to conclude that principles can be found in the oral heritage of Umbundu that have helped perpetuate and disseminate the Ubuntu philosophy. So, the oral heritage of Umbundu has contributed to renew the spirit of solidarity and the spirit of belonging to the universe and to the human community, through the belief that everything in the universe exists in full connection.

Like many other Nigerian capital cities of newly created states in the 1990s, Gombe the capital city of Gombe State in the North-eastern geopolitical zone has experienced tremendous change in the land cover which is primarily driven by urbanisation. However, little is known on the extent of this urban expansion, how it has affected other land cover types or the dynamics of demographic change as a function of urban growth in the area. This spatial information is highly needed for effective planning and development. This paper, therefore, attempts to answer these questions by firstly, processing LandSat5 images of 1998 and Landsat 8 images of 2016 both of November of Gombe Local Government Area where the state capital is situated. Image processing is then carried out using the semi-automated classification plugin in QGIS 2.18. A supervised classification scheme was used to classify the 1998 and 2016 Landsat Image scenes into four land cover classes (water bodies, built-up area, bare-surface and vegetation) using the spectral angle mapping algorithm. Secondly, the paper analysed population data of Gombe Local Government Area for the same period to understand the dynamics of population change in the area. Based on the findings, urban land cover type increased from 13.02 Km2 (25.14% of the total land cover) in November 1998 to 25.98 km2 (50.17% of the entire land cover) in November 2016. As a result of this change in land cover, all other land cover types decreased in areal coverage. A Kappa index of 0.82 and 0.81 suggest that that the error margins during the supervised classification process of the 1998 and 2016 Landsat images are relatively small. The implications of rapid changes in land cover and population change in the area over a short period of 18 years on planning and management are also discussed.

This article examines the relationship between the geographical distribution and formation of mountain glaciers in Uzbekistan and the importance of the location and development of existing mountain glaciers along the base surfaces.

In the implementation of the complex sociology-pedagogical task - the upbringing of a qualitatively new person of the future, an important role is assigned to the teacher.

This article deals with the arts used in the work “Majmau-l-masoil” created by Alkali, who lived and worked in Central Asia in the XVIII, the article also analyzes for the first time the verbal arts used in this work, such as tajnis, tavze, tarse and ishtiqoq, and the spiritual arts such as iltifot, tadid, jam and taqsim, tanosub, mutobaqa and quote.

To determine the criteria for scientifically assessing the geo-ecological situation in different ecosystems in terms of sustainable development, zoning, characterization of isolated areas, determining the level of crisis, identifying factors affecting their development, mitigation, development and implementation of optimization measures it is necessary to apply.